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The goal of the Paris Agreement on climate change, as agreed at the Conference of the Parties in 2015, is to keep global temperature rise this century to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. It also calls for efforts to limit the temperature increase even further to 1.5 degrees Celsius.

The annual UN Environment Emissions Gap Report 2018 will be released in November 2018. It presents an assessment of current national mitigation efforts and the ambitions countries have presented in their Nationally Determined Contributions, which form the foundation of the Paris Agreement. This year’s report also looks at fiscal policy, the role of innovation, and the role of non-state and subnational action. The report is being prepared by an international team of leading scientists, assessing all available information.

Pre-release of chapter on non-state climate action

Ahead of the Global Climate Action Summit (San Francisco, 12-14 September 2018) a chapter on climate action by non-state actors such as cities, regions, business and investors, is pre-released. It provides an assessment of the role, impact and potential impact of non-state and subnational actors such as cities, states, regions, companies, investors, foundations, and civil society organizations. It also discusses the interaction between governments and non-state actors, the importance of government support for non-state action, and the need for non-state actors to follow good practices such as clear target setting and better reporting and monitoring.

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The eighth UN Environment Emissions Gap Report provides an up-to-date scientific assessment of the global progress towards the emissions reductions required to be on track to meet the long-term goal of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).

The overall conclusion of the assessment is that government and other stakeholder’s emissions reduction commitments are far from the level of ambition required for an emissions pathway consistent with staying below a 2^°C, let alone a 1.5^°C, temperature increase.

Recognizing this significant ‘emissions gap’ and the urgent need to bridge it the Assessment Team provides a systematic review of the sectoral mitigation potential by 2030. The results are positive and unambiguous: technologies and institutional innovations are available to bridge the ‘emissions gap’ by 2030 at reasonable cost.

New for 2017 are brief assessments of the potential implications on the ‘emissions gap’ of the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol, and the new global market-based Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) under the auspices of the International Civil Aviation Organization.

Secondly, the report includes a detailed assessment of global developments in the coal sector that also examines the options and barriers for a gradual coal phase-out.

Thirdly, the report looks into the opportunities offered by limiting emissions of short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs). Reducing these pollutants will limit the rate of short-term warming and, when sustained and combined with CO2 reductions, will help limit long-term warming.

Finally, options for land-based and technological carbon dioxide removal that will become increasingly critical over this century to stay within the Paris goals are assessed.

The 2017 report has been prepared by 63 scientists from 49 institutions in 23 countries. The assessment builds on all available information, including that reviewed by the IPCC in its fifth assessment report, as well as more recent scientific studies.

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The seventh UN Environment Emissions Gap Report provides an up-to-date scientific assessment of the global progress towards the emissions reductions required to be on track to meet the long-term goal of the UNFCCC. In particular, this year the report emphasizes the implications of the Paris Agreement’s strengthened goal of holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2°C, and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels for immediate and longer-term mitigation action.
The report addresses four principal questions:

1. What is the current status of pre-2020 mitigation action?
2. What is the gap between the estimated level of global emissions in 2030 if the Intended Nationally Determined Contributions are fully implemented, and the range consistent with the well below 2°C or 1.5°C temperature goal?
3. What are the possible emissions reduction contributions of non-state action and increased energy efficiency, and how can action in these areas be accelerated to enhance the ambition of nationally determined contributions?
4. What do we know about the nexus between the Sustainable Development Goals and mitigation, and areas of alignment and conflict between the two?

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This map shows the countries involved in climate litigation or in which climate litigation is being or has been pursued. The cases involve governments, corporations and individuals.

Source: Colombia Law School

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UN REDD Programme methodology

The UN-REDD Programme provides technical support to countries in six interlinked work areas:

1. Measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) and monitoring;
2. National REDD+ governance;
3. Transparent, equitable and accountable management of REDD+ funds;
4. Engagement of Indigenous Peoples (IP), civil society and other stakeholders;
5. Ensuring multiple benefits of forests and REDD+;
6. REDD+ as a catalyst for transformations to a green economy through the Global Programme – Support to National Action and National Programmes.

This support is mainly divided in 2 components:

1. Support to National REDD+ Action: Global Programme Framework 2011-2015 (SNA) to develop common approaches, data and analyses to support them on the way to REDD+ readiness
2. National Programmes (NPs) are technical cooperation initiatives provided by the UN-REDD Programme at national level.

They are designed to support developing countries' efforts to prepare and implement comprehensive national REDD+ strategies and serve countries' REDD+ readiness needs.

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CLICC Journey

What will CLICC provide?

CLICC technical approach will combine qualitative and quantitative features in a common core with locally flexible options and associated metadata. The approach will evolve over time through shared experiences.

CLICC will provide a combination of process and product elements, such as:
CLICC Learning Journey	Process for countries and international bodies to agree common parameters and methods for evolving CLICC products, building capacity
CLICC Profile	Narrative-Based, adopting a standard structure across common categories, and capturing the underlying metadata
CLICC Dashboard	Quantitative or semi-quantitative, communicating impacts information ‘at a glance’, becoming more comprehensive over time